Review: Lewis and Clark Through Indian Eyes

Lewis and Clark Through Indian Eyes
Lewis and Clark Through Indian Eyes by Alvin M. Josephy Jr.
My rating: 0 of 5 stars

A quote:

“Recent scholarship on the Doctrine of Discovery by Robert Miller, Eastern Shawnee, Lewis and Clark Law School professor, and member of the Bicentennial Circle of Tribal Advisors […] dispels the popular belief that the Louisiana Purchase was a remarkable land deal because the United States did not buy the land in that transaction. If the United States had bought the land, the next century would not have spent executing treaties and buying land for tribes to acquire that territory. Instead, what the United States purchased were Napoleon’s so-called discoverer’s rights.”

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Frank X. Walker (Poet)

The other day, roam reading my way through Black Nature: Four Centuries of African American Nature Poetry, I found myself reading a delightfully powerfully poem by Frank X. Walker. I liked the poem, titled Homeopathic, so much that I googled him to see what I could find out.

Homeopathic – Frank X Walker

The unripe cherry tomatoes, miniature red chili peppers
and small burst of sweet basil and sage in the urban garden
just outside the window on our third floor fire escape
might not yield more than seasoning for a single meal

or two, but it works wonders as a natural analgesic
and a way past the monotony of bricks and concrete,
the hum of a neighbor’s TV, back to the secret garden
we planted on railroad property, when I was just a boy.

I peer into the window, searching for that look on mamma’s face,
when she kicked off her shoes, dug her toes into dirt
teeming with corn, greens, potatoes, onions, cabbage, and beets;
bit into the flesh of a ripe tomato, then passed it down the row.

Enjoying our own fruit, we let the juice run down our chins,
leaving a trail of tiny seed to harvest on hungry days like these.

Here is his artist’s statement:

“I have accepted the responsibility of challenging the notion of a homogeneous all-white literary landscape in this region.

As a co-founder of the Affrilachian Poets and the creator of the word Affrilachia, I believe it is my responsibility to say as loudly and often as possible that people and artists of color are part of the past and present of the multi-state Appalachian region extending from northern Mississippi to southern New York.

As a writer/observer/truth teller, I choose to focus on social justice issues as well as multiple themes of family, identity and place.

I also accept the dual responsibility of existing as a teaching artist and making a commitment to the identification and development of the next generation of young writers and artists.”

Looking around his website further, I discovered that he wrote two books from the perspective of York, an enslaved African brought along on Lewis & Clark’s expedition. Being very interested in connecting history to poetry (and vice versa) both as a reader and author, I immediately became excited and ordered three of his books (listed below).

Isaac Murphy: I Dedicate this Ride:

In this new collection of poems, Frank X Walker immerses himself in the story of legendary African American jockey Isaac Burns Murphy (1861-1896). The son of a slave, Murphy rose to the top of thoroughbred racing to become the most successful Jockey in America.

Buffalo Dance: The Journey of York:

This collection of persona poems tells the story of the infamous Lewis & Clark expedition from the point of view of Clark’s personal slave, York. The poems form a narrative of York’s inner and outer journey, before, during and after the expedition — a journey from slavery to freedom, from the plantation to the great northwest, from servant to soul yearning to be free.

When Winter Come: The Ascension of York:

A sequel to the award-winning Buffalo Dance, Frank X Walker’s When Winter Come: The Ascension of York is a dramatic reimagining of Lewis and Clark’s legendary exploration of the American West. Grounded in the history of the famous trip, Walker’s vibrant account allows York — little more than a forgotten footnote in traditional narratives — to embody the full range of human ability, knowledge, emotion, and experience. Knowledge of the seasons unfolds to York “like a book,” and he “can read moss, sunsets, the moon, and a mare’s foaling time with a touch.”

For more information about this poet and his books, visit the author’s website.

Review: Mississippi in Africa

Mississippi in Africa
Mississippi in Africa by Alan Huffman
My rating: 4 of 5 stars

Mississippi in Africa details the extremely fascinating story of enslaved black people who were repatriated back to Africa in the early to mid 19th century and who, eventually, became the “founders” of the country known as Liberia. In 1836, one Isaac Ross, a plantation owner in Mississippi, died. In his will, he specified that the humans he held in bondage should be freed and passage would be paid for their relocation to Africa, if they so chose. By 1849, 200 of the 225 enslaved had emigrated to Liberia. Huffman details the histories of these settlers, as they are known, as they transition into becoming Americo-Liberians.

One of the more stunning premises in the book is that a prime cause of the Liberian Civil War was the undemocratic control of Liberia’s economic, military and political infrastructure, etc by the the Americo-Liberians. However, as unsettled as I was by that assertion, I could not deny the fact that they were very oriented toward America and American culture. They built houses in Liberia that were replicas of the ones they built their former owners. Their names were (and continue to be) of European origin. Upon declaring themselves free from the American Colonization Society in 1847, the Americo-Liberians did the same thing the fighters of the American Revolution did – declare themselves free from tyranny while holding people in bondage (the ward system).

It seems so predictable a behavior that I am left wondering how it is that the family of Fela Kuti, whose ancestors were also repatriated, managed to re-integrate into African society so successfully that they are integral to an understanding of modern Nigeria.

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Review: Someone Knows My Name

Someone Knows My Name
Someone Knows My Name by Lawrence Hill
My rating: 3 of 5 stars

I came across this book while doing research into Black people who chose the British team in the competition for control of resources known as the American Revolution. Narrated by the fictional Aminatta Diallo, the majority of the book is delineated by Diallo’s desire to return to the home she knew as a child. That home, Africa (a word she hears for the first time in the then colonies) turns out not to be the same home she remembered. It has been extremely negatively impacted on by the trade in human beings. Drawn from an actual historical document known as Book of Negroes, Hill does such an effective job of bringing to life the “reality” of the Black Loyalists listed in the document, I would be remiss not to wholeheartedly recommend this piece of historical fiction which won the 2008 Commonwealth Writer’s Prize.

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Review: Black Women Writers at Work

Black Women Writers at Work (Black Women Writers at Work, Paper)Black Women Writers at Work by Claudia Tate
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

I love Toni Morrison’s take on "writer’s block:

"When I sit down in order to write, sometimes it’s there; sometimes it’s not. But that doesn’t bother me anymore. I tell my students there is such a thing as ‘writer’s block,’ and they should respect it. You shouldn’t write through it. It’s blocked because it ought to be blocked, because you haven’t got it right now. All the frustration and nuttiness that comes from ‘Oh, my God, I cannot write now’ should be displaced. It’s just a message to you saying, ‘That’s right, you can’t writer now, so don’t.’ We operate with deadlines, so facing the anxiety about the block has become a way of life. We get frightened about the fear. I can’t write like that. If i don’t have anything to say for three or four months, I just don’t write. When I read a book, I can always tell if the writer has written through a block. If he or she had just waited, it would’ve been better or different, or a little more natural. You can see the seams.

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Review: Black Women Writers at Work

Black Women Writers at Work (Black Women Writers at Work, Paper)Black Women Writers at Work by Claudia Tate

I had read this initially more than 20 years ago and it’s definitely time for a revisit. So I started today with Claudia Tate’s interview with Toni Cade Bambara. Even though on one level, the interview is dated, as Bambara refers to 1980’s in future tense, when it comes to a writer’s life….and the role of a writer in society, it’s as timely as well….time.

Some quotes from the interview:

CT: How do you fit writing in your life?

TCB: "[…}I just flat out announce I’m working, leave me alone and get out my face. When I "surface" again, I try to apply the poultices and patch up the holes I’ve left in relationships around me. That’s as much as I know how to do…so far.

CT: What determines your responsibility to yourself and your audience?

TCB: I start with the recognition that we are at war, and that war is not simply a hot debate between the capitalist camp and the socialist camp over which economic/political/social arrangement will have hegemony in the world. It’s not just the battle over turn and who has the right to utilize resources for whomsoever’s benefit. The war is also being fought over the truth: what is the truth about human nature, about the human potential. My responsibility to myself, my neighbors, my family and the human family is to try to tell the truth. That ain’t easy. There are so few truth-speaking traditions in this society in which the myth of "Western civilization" has claimed the allegiance of so many. We have rarely been encouraged and equipped to appreciate the fact that the truth works, that it releases the Spirit and that it is a joyous thing.

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